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Fig. 2 Effects of stimulus shoal characteristics and social isolation on social interaction behaviour (a) Time spent near conspecifics of wild-type (lrrtm4l1+/+) zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the visually-mediated social preference test (VMSP). Linear mixed model: significant condition*time interaction (F 29,638 = 1.53,*p = .039). No main effect of condition (known vs unknown; F1,22 = 0.56, p = .400) or time (F29,638 = 1.29, p = .143); n = 12/group. (b) Time spent near conspecifics of lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the VMSP. Linear mixed model: significant effect of time (F 29,638 = 2.87, ***p < .001). No main effect of condition (known vs unknown; F1,22 = 0, p = .983) or condition*time interaction (F29,638 = 1.42, p = .072); n = 12/group. (c) Aggressive behaviour of lrrtm4l1+/+ zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the VMSP. Student's t-test. n = 12/group. (d) Aggressive behaviour of lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the VMSP. Student's t-test. n = 12/group. (e) Time spent near conspecifics of socially isolated lrrtm4l1+/+ zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the VMSP. Linear mixed model: no significant effect of time (F 29,638 = 1.23, p = .295), condition (known vs unknown; F1,22 = 0.76, p = .392) or condition*time interaction (F29,638 = 1.17, p = .246); n = 12/group. (f) Time spent near conspecifics of socially isolated lrrtm4l1−/− zebrafish exposed to a group of known or unknown fish in the VMSP. Linear mixed model: significant effect of time (F 29,638 = 2.14, ***p < .001). No significant effect of condition (known vs unknown; F1,22 = 0.74, p = .400) or condition*time interaction (F29,638 = 1.40, p = .081); n = 12/group p. ***P < .001; **P < .01; *P < .05 lrrtm4l1−/− vs lrrtm4l1+/+. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.