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Fig. 5 The effects of hypoxia on cardiac contractility variables. (A and D) twitch force, (B and E) Raterise, and (C and F) Rate50% measured in the 4 wk of adult hypoxia and lifelong hypoxia lab lines. An asterisk indicates significant difference from control fish (P < 0.05) within each study. #Significant decrease in each parameter within each study for both control and experimental fish in response to acute hypoxia. Data are presented as means ± SE. Sample size for this protocol was 6 for both the control and 4 wk in 10 kPa O2 as adults fish and was 6 control fish and 8 fish that had been reared throughout development in 10 kPa O2.