ZFIN Image: Hasitha Maduranga Karunarathne et al., 2024, Fig. 3

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Fig. 3

HMH reduces LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-12 secretion. RAW 264.7 macrophages (1 × 10⁵ cells/mL) were treated with 0–10 mg/mL HMH for 2 h prior to LPS (200 ng/mL) treatment. (A) Total RNA was extracted at 6 h, and RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of TNF-α and IL-12. The relative expression of TNF-α, and IL-12 was normalized to GAPDH expression. In a parallel experiment, cell-free culture media were collected at 24 h. (B) TNF-α and (C) IL-12 levels were quantified using an ELISA assay. ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. untreated cells and ^###p < 0.001 vs. LPS-treated cells.

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