Figure 2

Figure 2

The graphs illustrate the hatching rates during the 96 h exposure period: (a) N-Borate FR, (b) N-Phosphate+ FR, and (c) N-Phosphate- FR. The negative control represents healthy embryos not exposed to fire retardants (FRs). Hatching rates are expressed as mean ± standard error. Statistical significance was determined by comparing exposed groups to the control, with significance levels indicated as follows: * (p ≤ 0.05), ** (p ≤ 0.01), and *** (p ≤ 0.001). Data visualization was performed using SigmaPlot^® software, version 14.0. (d) Normal embryos, (e) partially hatched embryos, and (f) hatched embryos at 48 hpf, observed under 5× and 2.5× magnification (Stemi2000-C stereomicroscope).