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Fig. 1 Effects of pharmacological modulation of M-current (IM) on the escape response. A: overview of touch-evoked escape behaviors of individual 4–5 days postfertilization (dpf) larvae placed in a well from a 24-well plate. B and E: average number of swim episodes produced during a head- or tail-touch evoked escape response before and after bath application of 10 µM XE-991 (B; n = 10 per group; head: P = 0.9219; tail: P = 0.7480) or 10 µM ICA-069673 (E; n = 10 per group; head: P = 0.2617). C and F: average duration of the first episode produced during a head- or tail-touch evoked escape response before and after bath application of 10 µM XE-991 (C; n = 10 per group; head: P = 0.1934; tail: P = 0.3750) or 10 µM ICA-069673 (F; n = 10 per group; head: P = 0.6953; tail: P = 0.3652). D and G: average tail beat frequency of the first episode produced during a head- or tail-touch evoked escape response before and after bath application of 10 µM XE-991 (D; n =10 per group; head: P = 0.6953; tail: P = 0.1934) or 10 µM ICA-069673 [G; head (n = 10): P > 0.9999; tail (n = 9): P = 0.1562]. Individual animals before and after drug application are color-matched (B–G). H–J: percentage of slow swims vs. burst swims produced during each individual escape response for all (H), head touch only (I), and tail touch only (J) escape responses before and after bath application of 10 µM XE-991. K–M: percentage of slow swims vs. burst swims produced during each individual escape response for all (K), head touch only (L), and tail touch only (M) escape responses before and after bath application of 10 µM ICA-069673. Statistical analysis, B–M: Wilcoxon matched-pairs test (B–G) and Mann–Whitney test (H–M); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, otherwise not statistically significant.