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Fig. 3 Figure 3. Flagellum length of sperm from males after exposure to different concentrations of TDtBPP (A–D, K). Morphology of sperm from males in 0 and 5000 ng/L TDtBPP exposure groups. Yellow arrows indicate abnormal morphology of the sperm head (E, F). Normal head morphology of sperm from males in the control group (G) and abnormal head morphology of sperm from males in the 5000 ng/L TDtBPP exposure group (H–J). The head length (L) and beat cross frequency (M) of sperm from males after exposure to different concentrations of TDtBPP. *p < 0.05 was defined as a significant difference between the control and TDtBPP exposure groups.