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Fig. 7 Genotoxicity assessment. The comet assay was applied to single-cell suspensions prepared from zebrafish embryos after 24 h of exposure to MXenes (80 mg/L), B[a]P (1 mg/L), and NOM (10 mg/L). Data are presented as mean values ± S.D. of three independent experiments (with a minimum of 100 cells per sample). One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to analyze statistical differences between the exposures (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (B) Representative images wherein the absence of DNA tails can be observed in control cells while cells from zebrafish embryos exposed to B[a]P display a characteristic DNA tail. Scale bars in both panels: 10 μm.