ZFIN Image: Del Rosario Hernández et al., 2024, Fig. 7.

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Fig. 7. Potential neuroregulatory pathways affected by CsA-like compounds.

We identified 5 major targets of CsA-like compounds: dopamine receptors, adrenergic receptors, calcium channels and related pathways, steroid hormones, and 5-HT receptors. These targets are involved in various processes of both Ca²⁺ and NO homeostasis, which have important roles in regulating neural function. Green arrows: activated pathways. Red arrows: inhibited pathways. Abbreviations: 5-HTR, Serotonin receptor; α₁, alpha-1 adrenergic receptor; β₂, β₂ adrenergic receptor; AC, adenylyl cyclase; Ca²⁺, calcium; CaM, calmodulin; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; D, dopamine; DR, dopamine receptor; E, epinephrine; E2, estradiol; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GPER, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor; IP3, inositol trisphosphate; NE, norepinephrine; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells; NO, nitric oxide; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; PLN, phospholamban; ROS, reactive oxygen species; S, serotonin; SERCA, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

Acknowledgments

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