FIGURE 2

FIGURE 2

Both osteoblast and osteoclast activity increase upon exposure to 10 mT of ELF-EMFs in the zebrafish fractured scale. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental method. After fracture stimulation, zebrafish were placed in a ring-shaped tank and unexposed (u.e.) or exposed to ELF-EMFs with varying intensities (3, 10, or 30 mT) for 4 h, followed by imaging of zebrafish scales by confocal microscopy. (B) Representative images of fractured scales in osterix:mCherry; trap:GFP double-transgenic zebrafish unexposed or exposed to ELF-EMFs at 24 h.p.fr. White dotted lines and solid lines indicate the fracture site and contour of the zebrafish scale, respectively. Lower panels of trap:GFP show a high magnification view of the fracture site (boxed region). Bars, 200 μm (osterix:mCherry and upper panels of trap:GFP); 100 μm (lower panels of trap:GFP). (C,D) Mean fluorescent intensity of osterix:mCherry per zebrafish scale and percentage of trap:GFP⁺ area (coverage area) per zebrafish scale in fractured scales from zebrafish unexposed or exposed to ELF-EMFs. A total of 17–20 scales from 3 zebrafish were used in each condition. Asterisks indicate the p-value in one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test. Error bars, s.e.m.; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.