Fig. 3 Cardiac dysfunction induced by PM exposure. (A) Representative images of the cardiac rhythm (for 30 s) in the ventricle and atrium. Red arrowheads indicate the irregular rhythms. Scale bar, 3 s (B) Average heart rate per minute in the ventricle and atrium. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (n = 36, 19, 40, and 18 per group; ****p < 0.0001). (C) Average number of frames between peaks. (D) Average number of irregular heart rhythms. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (n = 17, 15, 15, and 16 per group; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; n.s., not significant.).
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