|
Fig. 6 Pinostrobin recovers heart rate and attenuates mortality and abnormality in LPS-microinjected zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish larvae at 3 dpf (n = 20) were microinjected with 2 nL of 0.5 mg/mL LPS and immediately treated with the indicated concentrations of pinostrobin (0–20 μM). (A) After 24 h (at 4 dpf), heart rate was measured by manually counting heartbeats per minute to assess cardiotoxicity. ###, p < 0.001 vs. untreated zebrafish larvae; **, p < 0.01 and ***, p < 0.001 vs. LPS-microinjected zebrafish larvae. (B) Phenotype-based evaluations were performed 48 h (at 5 dpf) after LPS microinjection. LPS microinjection increases abnormalities in zebrafish larvae; normal, death, cyrtosis, yolk necrosis, yolk sac edema yolk crenulation, pericardial edema, and head malformation. (C) LPS microinjection induced 50% abnormalities in zebrafish larvae (left), and pinostrobin (20 μM)-treated zebrafish reduced the abnormality to 10% (right).