Fig. 2 Pinostrobin suppresses LPS-stimulated NO and PGE2 production along with iNOS and COX-2 expression. RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of pinostrobin (0–20 μM) for 2 h, followed by treatment with 300 ng/mL LPS for 24 h. Release of (A) NO and (B) PGE2 to the culture media was measured using Griess reagent assay and ELISA, respectively. (C) Total RNA was extracted 6 h after LPS treatment, and RT-PCR was performed. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 was normalized relative to GAPDH expression. (D) After 12 h-incubation with LPS, cell lysates were prepared for western blotting. β-Actin was used to normalize iNOS and COX-2 expression. The relative density was calculated using ImageJ software. ##, p < 0.01 and ###, p < 0.001 vs. untreated cells; *, p < 0.05 and ***, p < 0.001 vs. LPS-treated cells.
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