Fig. 1

A. Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure. Sleep was monitored under various light/dark regimes. B-F?. Sleep of 5?6 dpf larvae under an 14 h light/ 10 h dark cycle (B, B?, p = 8×10^?40), 14 h light/ 2 h dark cycle (C, C?, p = 3×10^?94), 14 h light/ 4 h dark cycle (D, D?, p = 4×10^?66), 14 h light/ 6 h dark cycle (E, E?, p = 1×10^?83), 14 h light/ 8 h dark cycle (F, F?, p = 2×10^?59). The bar charts represent the average sleep time for each time bin. G. Average sleep time of all groups in the first 5 h of the 2^nd day. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, two-tailed t-test: two samples assuming unequal variance. H. Dorsal view of 6 dpf larvae. Dashed box showing the dorsal pallium (DP) area analyzed in J-N. I. Representative neuron nuclei stained with DAPI and ?H2AX in the DP during the morning (ZT4) and the end of the day (ZT14). Scale bar = 5 ?m. J-N. The levels of DNA damage in single neuronal nuclei over 34 h. All time points were compared to the baseline levels of the first day (5 dpf). J. 14 h light/10 h dark cycle, p = 1.9×10^?35. K. 14 h light/ 2 hr dark cycle, p = 1.8×10^?39. L. 14 h light/ 4 h dark cycle, p = 2.2×10^?33. M. 14 h light/ 6 h dark cycle, p = 8.1×10^?38. N. 14 h light/ 8 h dark cycle, p = 4.5×10^?44. Letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey?s test (B?-F?, J-N). Data show means ± SEM (B?-F?, G) or boxplots (B-F, J-N). Blue line represents mean. Red crosses indicate outliers. n=number of animals (B?-F?) or cells (J-N). ZT?zeitgeber time.