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Fig. 3 atg7 overexpression can reverse the decline in cardiac function in the late phase of adult anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (aAIC). A, Schematics of the experimental schedule for activating atg7 in the late phase of aAIC. B and C, High-frequency echocardiography was performed at the indicated times to quantify cardiac function (wild-type [WT]; doxorubicin [DOX]; n=15). We used bright red to represent data at the early AIC phase; dark red to represent data at the late AIC phase. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. D, Evaluation of nppa and nppb gene transcript expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (n=3). E, Western blotting was used to assess autophagy activity in atg7;Cre fish hearts injected with DOX with or without 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) treatment, as indicated by LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II) expression. F, Quantification of LC3-II and the ratio of LC3-II between the hearts treated with and without bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) in E (n=3). Kruskal-Wallis test was used followed by post hoc Tukey test in D and F. EF indicates ejection fraction; EtOH, ethanol; LC3, light chain 3; NS, normal saline; and wpi, weeks postinjection.