Figure 1

Col11a1a knockdown caused a curved body plan and reduced jaw size in zebrafish. Injection of a col11a1a targeting AMO induced a curvature of the body axis, while embryos injected with control AMO developed a straight body axis, (A,B); ((A,B) reprinted under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/8/3/16; Accessed on 15 July 2022) [25]. Normal face and jaw protrusion were present in the control zebrafish (C). In contrast, the morphant zebrafish demonstrated a reduction in face and jaw protrusion. Heart edema was also observed, (D). Alcian blue staining of the pharyngeal arch cartilages showed normal patterning and distally projecting cartilages (E), while Alcian blue staining in the morphant showed perturbed pharyngeal cartilage patterning characterized by a decreased protrusion of the 1st arch and a posteriorly facing 2nd arch, (F). Scale bar in (A,B) 0.5 mm; Scale bars in (C–F) 50 μm. (m; Meckel’s cartilage; pq; palatoquadrate; ch; ceratohyal; cb; ceratobranchial).