Fig. 2

Mean distance travelled (+/-1 SE) at each stimulus, for both groups (N = 72, each), at each time point (A-F). Total distance travelled after 20 vibratory stimuli (M +/-1 SE) for both groups (N = 72, each) at each time point (G). A 2x6 mixed ANOVA (N_control = 72, N_concussed = 72) was run. No significant main effect of group (F(1,142) = 0.499, p>0.05) on the mean TDT₂₀ was found, with controls (M = 33.724, SE = 1.446) and concussed (M = 32.28, SE = 1.446) performing similarly overall. A significant main effect of time (F(4.365,619.792) = 2.559, p = 0.033) was observed, although without significant differences at the pairwise level. The effect of time was different for the control and concussed group (G), as confirmed by a significant interaction between group and time (F(4.365, 619.792) = 5.644, p<0.001). The interaction effect was then broken down through two one-way repeated-measures ANOVAs, which analysed the effect of time (six levels) for the control and concussed groups separately. For the control group (N = 72) there was a significant effect of time (F(4.137,293.712) = 4.825,p<0.001). Pairwise comparisons further indicated that the mean TDT₂₀ was significantly higher at time 6 (24-h P-I, M = 41.885, SE = 2.655) than at time 2 (5-min P-I, M = 29.406, SE = 1.859) with p<0.001, at time 3 (40-min P-I, M = 29.975, SE = 1.898) with p = 0.004. A significant effect of time (F(4.069,288.933) = 3.403, p = 0.009) was found also for the concussed group, whose mean TDT₂₀ was significantly lower at time 4 (70-min P-I, M = 27.547, SE = 2.018) compared to time 2 (5-min P-I, M = 39.142, SE = 3.027) with p < .001. No additional statistical differences at pairwise levels were observed.