Fig. 1
Vessel enhancement based on vascular tubularity and impact of the input shape. (A) Original data with bright vessels against a dark background. (A′) Data processed with Sato enhancement showed successful enhancement. (B) Inverted data with dark vessels against a bright background. (B′) SE was not able to perform after grayscale inversion. (C,C′) Applying SE to hollow tubes results in double-to-single peak conversion. (D,D′) Filling tubes with SE results in successful enhancement. (E,E′) SE enhancement results for Gaussian blurred tubes were similar to unblurred tubes. (F,F′) Addition of artificial Gaussian noise at level 50 did not significantly alter SE enhancement results.