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Fig. 5 Profiling of genetic abnormalities in pediatric and adult T-ALL. (A) Boxplot of age distribution of mutated genes (>2%) in T-ALL. Patient samples are colored based on the three dysregulated leukemogenic factor branches. Genes are ordered according to the mean age of patients. Mutations significantly enriched in adult T-ALL are marked with red stars, while those significantly enriched in pediatric T-ALL are marked with blue stars. P value is calculated using Fisher’s exact test. (B) Profiling of gene fusions, mutation categories, and vulnerable pathways for potential therapeutic targets in pediatric and adult T-ALL. Columns indicate T-ALL patients, and rows represent four panels: clinical information panel (age, subtypes, gender), fusion panel (gene fusions, only P < 0.05 between pediatric and adult patients were illustrated), mutation counts in categories (P < 0.05), and gene-expression panel (potential therapeutic targets significantly correlated with age, false-discovery rate < 0.05). The gene-expression levels are normalized by z-score transformation.