Figure 5.

Figure 5.

NRF2 inhibition restored abnormal angiogenesis induced by CSE. (a) Representative images showed angiogenic capacities in CSE-exposed HUVECs treated with or without NRF2 inhibitor (2.5/5 µM). (b) Quantification of the blood vessel branch points formed by HUVECs. (c) Representative immunofluorescence images of FN fibrils and phalloidin in HUVECs with CSE and NRF2 inhibitor treatment (the arrows indicate FN fibrils). (d) Quantification of the counts of FN fibrils in HUVECs. (e,f) flk::GFP zebrafish embryos were exposed to CSE with or without NRF2 inhibitor (25 µM) and vasculature formation was observed at 48 h; the blood vessel length was also quantified (n = 15). (g) Immunostaining for FN matrix among vascular endothelial cells in CSE-exposed flk::GFP zebrafish embryos with or without NRF2 inhibitor (the arrows indicate FN fibrils among the flk⁺ cells). (h) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity of FN among GFP-positive cells (n = 9). Data presented are the mean ± s.e.m. Unpaired Student's t-test, ^#p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01.