Figure 3

Figure 3

Effects of procyanidins with different structures on oxidative stress in PC12 cells treated with H₂O₂. (a) Representative fluorescence photomicrographs of PC12 cells; (b) ROS levels; (c) MDA levels; (d) GSH-Px activity; (e) CAT activity; (f) SOD activity. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Control, Blank control group; Model, H₂O₂ (200 μM); Positive control, NAC (20 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); C, C (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); EC, EC (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); ECG, ECG (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B1, B1 (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B2, B2 (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B3, B3 (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B4, B4 (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B1-G, B1-G (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); B2-G, B2-G (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM); C1, C1 (5 μM) + H₂O₂ (200 μM). All experiments were conducted three times. Values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.