Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Confocal fluorescence images of MCF-7 cells co-stained with 2 μM HDSF and Mito-Tracker Green (a) or HDSF and LysoSensor Green DND-189 (b) in hypoxia conditions (0.1% O₂). The red channel image was obtained with a band path of 640–750 nm upon excitation at 633 nm, and the green channel image was obtained with a band path of 492–630 nm upon excitation at 488 nm. Fluorescence profiles along the white arrow from the red channel and green channel are in diagram e (according to a) and diagram f (according to b). c Fluorescence images of HDSF-stained MCF-7 cells incubated in conditions with different O₂ contents. d Fluorescence images of MCF-7 cells stained with HDSF in hypoxia-normoxia cycles and in normoxia environment. The results are representative of three biologically independent experiments. Scale bars: 20 μm. Source data are available as a Source data file.