Figure 5

Figure 5

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonists can reduce the locomotion hyperactivity triggered by arecoline in the light and dark cycles in zebrafish larvae. (A–H) Total average distance travelled by 120 hpf zebrafish larvae per minute after 1-day exposure of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm VU0255035 (mAChR M1-selective antagonist), gallamine (mAChR M2-selective antagonist), 4-DAMP (mAChR M3-selective antagonist), and tropicamide (mAChR M4-selective antagonist), respectively, and their combination with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm arecoline in light and dark cycles, respectively. The data are expressed as the median with 95% CI and significance was tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test with Geisser-Greenhouse correction followed with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The statistical analyses were conducted between each treated group in every concentration (n = 48 for all of the groups, except for 0.001 and 0.01 ppm arecoline (n = 47), 0.1 ppm arecoline, 1 ppm 4-DAMP, and 0.1 ppm tropicamide (n = 45), 0.1 ppm 4-DAMP and 1 ppm of arecoline and tropicamide (n = 46), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).