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Figure 11 The maximum effects of protamine sulfate (PS) and its complexes with unfractionated heparin (UFH) on peak exhaled CO2. The course of peak exhaled CO2 was tracked for 60 min after short–duration intravenous infusion (5 min; 2 mL/h) of PS at dose of 1.5 (a) or 10 mg/kg (b) following intravenous administration of vehicle (VEH, 1 mL/kg) or UFH (150 or 1000 U/kg, 1 mL/kg). Results are shown as means (lines) with SEMs. The peak exhaled CO2 values at 0 min of the experiment were 4.2 (4.0–4.7) for VEH, 4.1 (4.0–4.2) for PS 1.5 mg/kg, 4.0 (3.7–4.4) for UFH 150 U/kg + PS 1.5 mg, 4.0 (3.5–4.8) for UFH 150 U/kg, 4.2 (3.6–5.0) for PS 10 mg/kg, 4.5 (4.2–5.0) for UFH 1000 U/kg + PS 10 mg/kg, 4.6 (3.9–5.1) for UFH 1000 U/kg. Note: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. VEH, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s post–hoc test, n = 5–8.