Figure 1

Figure 1

Antimicrobial mechanisms dependent on the autophagy machinery. (A) Xenophagy is a subtype of selective autophagy mediated by Sequestosome1-like receptors (SLRs) that target ubiquitinated microbes in the cytosol and interact with LC3 on nascent autophagosomes. (B) SLRs also detect galectins on damaged phagosomes, which may induce the autophagic degradation of these vesicles or initiate an autophagy-mediated membrane repair process, preventing microbes from entering the cytosol. (C) The autophagolysosomal pathway processes ubiquitinated proteins into antimicrobial peptides. (D) The formation of LAPosomes, where LC3 associates with phagosomes, is an autophagy-related process linked with reactive oxygen production.