Fig. 2 Fig. 2. A?D: Control and examples of VPA treated larvae at 5 dpf. Larvae are stained with Alcian blue (cartilage) and Alizarin red (mineralization). A: Control larvae. B: Larva treated with 100 ?M VPA during 1?13 hpf, showing reduced size of cartilage elements and lacking mineralization of the notochord sheath, branchiostegal ray 1 and the entopterygoid bone (see arrowheads). C: Larva treated with 50 ?M VPA during 25?37 hpf, showing small reductions in the length of the ceratohyals (asterisks). D: Larva treated with 100 ?M VPA during 25?37 hpf with reduced size of cartilage elements and lacking mineralization of the notochord sheath, ceratobranchial 5 (arrows) and the entopterygoid bone (arrowheads). Scale bars are 100 ?m.
Reprinted from Mechanisms of Development, 163, Gebuijs, I.G.E., Metz, J.R., Zethof, J., Carels, C.E.L., Wagener, F.A.D.T.G., Von den Hoff, J.W., The anti-epileptic drug valproic acid causes malformations in the developing craniofacial skeleton of zebrafish larvae, 103632, Copyright (2020) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Mech. Dev.