Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Cytokine-induced embryos display increased transcript levels for markers of ROS-mediated and ER stress, and increased β cell death, and are hyperglycemic compared to clutch-mate controls. All experiments in these panels were performed in ins-CETI-PIC3 experimental embryos and clutch-mate control Tg(ins:cre) embryos treated with 5 µg/ml doxycycline for 48 h. (A) Several members involved in the ROS-mediated stress pathway – such as nrf2a, hmox1a, gpx1a, sod and nos2b – were also increased after induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines n=3. *P<0.05 (parametric t-test). (B) Members of the ER stress pathway, such as bip and chop, were increased following cytokine induction. n=3. *P<0.05 (parametric t-test). (C) There is increased Cleaved caspase 3 staining in ins-CETI-PIC3 embryos compared to Tg(ins:cre) controls. (D) The number of Cleaved caspase3⁺ cells per islet is increased in the ins-CETI-PIC3 embryos. n=6. *P<0.05 (parametric t-test). (E) The Insulin⁺ cell count is decreased in the ins-CETI-PIC3 embryos. (F) Free glucose levels in ins-CETI-PIC3 embryos are higher than those in Tg(ins:cre) controls. n=5. *P<0.05 (parametric t-test). (G) Glucose oxidase activity, an indicator of free blood glucose, is higher in ins-CETI-PIC3 embryos. n=4. *P<0.05 (parametric t-test).