Figure 2

Figure 2

Shikonin reduced viability and induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. A375 and A2058 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of shikonin. (A) Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after 24 or 48 h treatment. (B) Represented photos showed the effect of shikonin on clonogenic survival of A375 and A2058 cells. (C) Cell cycle phases of the treated cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and analyzed by ModFit software. The DNA content of cells at different cell phase was presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. (D) Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after 24 h treatment. The percentage of apoptotic cells was presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. (E) Cleavages of PARP and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis after 24 h treatment (left panel) and relative expression levels (right panel) were analyzed by Image J software. Data were shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.