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Fig. 1 AP asymmetry in KV. (A,B) Fluorescent immunostaining of KV cells at 8-SS with aPKC (red) and acetylated tubulin (green) antibodies. To visualize individual cells, only the dorsal surface of KV is shown. Cells in the posterior region of KV had large apical surfaces (arrowhead), whereas cells in the anterior region had smaller apical surfaces (arrow). Counting all KV cilia in wild-type embryos (n=13), revealed a significant difference (P=3.60E-5) in the positioning of cilia with 63% located in the anterior half of KV and 37% are in the posterior region (B). (C,D) Tracking fluorescent beads injected into KV shows fluid flow velocity is asymmetric. (C) Paths of beads and the AP and LR axes of KV, relative to the notochord, have been superimposed onto a DIC image of KV. (D) The average velocity of 23 beads from 5 wild-type embryos in quadrants of KV indicated that flow was significantly stronger from right to left in the anterior region than in the posterior of KV (P<0.05). Numbers are averages ± one s.d. L, left; R, right; a, anterior; p, posterior; nc, notochord.