UniProt ID: Q5PRC0 |
FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes. Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25- hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25- dihydroxycholesterol (7-alpha,25-OHC), an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, a chemotactic receptor for a number of lymphoid cells. May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing. In testis, production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by macrophages may play a role in Leydig cell differentiation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=AH2 + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21104, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:16113, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:42977; EC=1.14.99.38; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21105; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Reaction=cholesterol + H(+) + NADPH + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + NADP(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46132, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:16113, ChEBI:CHEBI:42977, ChEBI:CHEBI:57783, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46133; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; COFACTOR: Name=Fe cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:24875; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. {ECO:0000305}. |
UniProt ID: B2GRG2 |
COFACTOR: Name=Fe cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:24875; Evidence={ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00001962}; |
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