UniProt ID: F8W3X3 |
FUNCTION: Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein (PubMed:21115806). Essential for the early stages of neurulation in the anterior neural plate (PubMed:19615992). Shows little cell adhesion activity on its own but exhibits robust homophilic cell adhesion when in a complex with cadherin cdh2 and appears to mediate the adhesion while cdh2 acts as a cell adhesion cofactor in the complex (PubMed:21115806, PubMed:22184198, PubMed:33004519). Functions with cdh2 to coordinate cell adhesion and cell movements during neurulation (PubMed:21115806). Contributes to neural progenitor cell patterning with cdh2 by promoting homophilic cell interactions (PubMed:33004519). Regulates the columnar organization of neurons in the optic tectum (PubMed:26598617). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19615992, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21115806, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22184198, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26598617, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33004519}. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; antiparallel (PubMed:27787195). Interacts with cadherin cdh2; the interaction confers robust cell adhesion activity on pcdh19 (PubMed:21115806, PubMed:22184198). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21115806, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22184198, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27787195}. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21115806}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255}. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In the embryo, strongly expressed in the developing nervous system (PubMed:19615992). At 12 hours post fertilization (hpf), shows a segmental expression pattern in the anterior third of the neural keel with strong expression in the presumptive forebrain, cerebellum/rhombomere 1 and rhombomere 4 (PubMed:19757381). By 24 hpf, expressed widely in the brain and spinal cord with higher expression levels in the ventral telencephalon, dorsal and central thalamus, optic tectum, central tegmentum, cerebellum and dorsolateral regions of the hindbrain (PubMed:19757381). As development proceeds, expression becomes restricted to the dorsal and/or lateral regions of the central nervous system (PubMed:19757381). Not detected in the spinal cord of two- and three-day old embryos (PubMed:19757381). Expressed in the eye primordium, developing retina, lens and otic vesicle (PubMed:19757381). Expressed in the larval optic tectum at 4 days post-fertilization where it localizes in discrete columns of neurons (PubMed:26598617). Expressed throughout the adult brain with strong expression in the ventromedial telencephalon, periventricular regions of the thalamus and anterior hypothalamus, stratum periventriculare of the optic tectum, dorsal tegmental nucleus, granular regions of the cerebellar body and valvula, and superficial layers of the facial and vagal lobes (PubMed:25612302). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19615992, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19757381, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25612302, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26598617}. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Undetectable in unfertilized eggs and in embryos at 2 and 4 hours post-fertilization (hpf) (PubMed:35460869). Also not detected in embryos at 6 hpf (PubMed:19757381). Expression is detected in the embryo at 12 hpf (PubMed:19757381). Expression is also detected in the larva and adult (PubMed:19757381, PubMed:26598617). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19757381, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26598617, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35460869}. DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Disruption of the columnar arrangement of neurons in the optic tectum and defective visually guided behaviors (PubMed:26598617). Increased spontaneous firing activity in the larval optic tectum (PubMed:35460869). Morpholino knockdown results in aberrant early brain morphogenesis due to disrupted cell convergence in the anterior neural plate with mutants showing an abnormally wide neural plate (PubMed:19615992, PubMed:21115806). Mutants show impaired directedness of cell movements and impaired coherence of movements among neighboring cells (PubMed:21115806). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19615992, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21115806, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26598617, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35460869}. |
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