FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Toxicity profiling of flame retardants in zebrafish embryos using a battery of assays for developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity toward human relevance

Authors
Alzualde, A., Behl, M., Sipes, N.S., Hsieh, J.H., Alday, A., Tice, R.R., Paules, R.S., Muriana, A., Quevedo, C.
Source
Full text @ Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
Fig. 1

Developmental Toxicity assay and examples of the results obtained for the some of the BFRs and OPFRs (Experiment 1). A) Schematic depicting a summary of the experimental design of developmental toxicity assay. B, C, D) Results obtained for the BFR TBBPA (B) and for the replacement OPFRs IPP (C) and TDCIPP (D). Sigmoidal dose-response curves were calculated at 2 and 4 dpf for the percentage of affected and dead embryos. TI values (LC50/EC50) are indicated. Representative bright field pictures of the embryos treated at the stages and concentrations indicated are also shown. Asterisks point to the absence of eyes. Scale bar, 200 μM in all pictures.

Fig. 2

Behavior alteration and hepatotoxicity assay and examples of the results obtained for the phased-out BDE-47 and the replacement EHDP in the behavior assay and for the OPFR BPDP in the hepatotoxicity assay (Experiment 1). A) Schematic depicting a summary of the experimental design for both assays. B, C) Behavior profile of 5 dpf larvae treated with BDE-47. (B) and EHDP (C). Graphs represent the mean of the distance moved by embryos treated with each chemical in 2 min' time bins (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, unpaired Student's t-test). White and black rectangles indicate the periods of light and dark respectively. (D) Representative bright field pictures of embryos untreated and treated with BPDP at the indicated concentrations. Arrows point to the position of the liver. Mean ± SEM of the liver optical density from 12 embryos per experimental group is represented in the graph. (⁎⁎p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post-test). Scale bar for all pictures represents 200 μM.
Fig. 3

Examples of cardiotoxicity results obtained for the BFR TBBPA and the OPFR TMPP (Experiment 1). (A) Schematic depicting a summary of the experimental design. B, C Upper graphs show the mean ± S.D. of the heartbeat rate obtained for TBBPA (B) and TMPP(C) (⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001, Mann-Whiteney U test). In the lower graphs, bars represent the percentage of embryos with altered heartbeat rhythmicity, atrophy, or death. Terf.: 5 μM Terfenadine. Scale bar represents 200 μM.
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
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