PUBLICATION
Chlorothalonil causes redox state change leading to oxidative stress generation in Danio rerio
- Authors
- da Silva Barreto, J., de Melo Tarouco, F., da Rosa, C.E.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-200701-13
- Date
- 2020
- Source
- Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 225: 105527 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- da Rosa, Carlos Eduardo
- Keywords
- Antioxidant defense system, Biomarkers, Fish, Fungicide, Pesticides
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism*
- Catalase/metabolism
- Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity*
- Gills/drug effects
- Gills/enzymology
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Nitriles/toxicity*
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
- Peroxides/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
- Zebrafish/metabolism*
- PubMed
- 32599436 Full text @ Aquat. Toxicol.
Citation
da Silva Barreto, J., de Melo Tarouco, F., da Rosa, C.E. (2020) Chlorothalonil causes redox state change leading to oxidative stress generation in Danio rerio. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 225:105527.
Abstract
A diverse range of chemicals are used in agriculture to increase food production on a large scale, and among them is the use of pesticides such as chlorothalonil, a broad-spectrum fungicide used in the control of foliar fungal diseases. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of chlorothalonil on biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress in tissues of the fish Danio rerio. To achieve this, animals were exposed for 4 and 7 days, to nominal concentrations of chlorothalonil at 0 μg/L (DMSO, 0.001%), 0.1 μg/L and 10 μg/L, and after the exposure period, the tissues (gills and liver) were removed for biochemical analysis. Antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were evaluated in both tissues. In addition, the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were also analysed. A significant increase in ROS concentration, ACAP levels, GST and GCL activities and a significant reduction of LPO levels in gills exposed to the highest concentration were observed after 4 days. However, there was a significant reduction of ACAP and CAT activity, as well as a significant increase of GST activity and LPO levels in gills exposed to the lower concentration after 7 days. The liver was less affected, presenting a significant reduction in CAT activity and LPO levels after 4 days. However, a significant increase in SOD activity and LPO levels occurred after 7 days. These results indicate that chlorothalonil, after 4 days, caused activation of the antioxidant defence system in gills of animals exposed to the highest concentration. However, after 7 days, the lowest concentration of this compound caused oxidative stress in this same organ. Also, the results show that gills were more affected than the liver, probably because gills can be involved in chlorothalonil metabolisation. Therefore, it is possible that the liver could be exposed to lower chlorothalonil concentrations or less toxic metabolites due to the metabolism taking place in the gills.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping