PUBLICATION
Tributyltin induces premature hatching and reduces locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae at environmentally relevant levels
- Authors
- Liang, X., Souders, C.L., Zhang, J., Martyniuk, C.J.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-170930-1
- Date
- 2017
- Source
- Chemosphere 189: 498-506 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Dopaminergic signaling, Locomotion, Mitochondrial bioenergetics, Premature hatching, Tributyltin
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Disinfectants/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Endocrine Disruptors/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism
- Environment
- Larva/drug effects
- Locomotion/drug effects*
- Organotin Compounds/metabolism
- Swimming
- Trialkyltin Compounds/toxicity*
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 28961535 Full text @ Chemosphere
Citation
Liang, X., Souders, C.L., Zhang, J., Martyniuk, C.J. (2017) Tributyltin induces premature hatching and reduces locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae at environmentally relevant levels. Chemosphere. 189:498-506.
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound that is the active ingredient of many biocides and antifouling agents. In addition to its well established role as an endocrine disruptor, TBT is also associated with adverse effects on the nervous system and behavior. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT (0.01, 0.1, 1 nM) to determine how low levels affected development and behavior. Fish exposed to 1 nM TBT hatched earlier when compared to controls. Following a 96-h exposure, total swimming distance, velocity, and activity of zebrafish larvae were reduced compared to controls. To identify putative mechanisms for these altered endpoints, we assessed embryo bioenergetics and gene expression. We reasoned that the accelerated hatch time could be related to ATP production and energy, thus embryos were exposed to TBT for 24 and 48-h exposure prior to hatch. There were no differences among groups for endpoints related to bioenergetics (i.e. basal, ATP-dependent, and maximal respiration). To address mechanisms related to changes in behavioral activity, we measured transcripts associated with muscle function (myf6, myoD, and myoG) and dopamine signaling (th, dat, dopamine receptors) as dopamine regulates behavior. No transcript was altered in expression by TBT in larvae, suggesting that other mechanisms exist that may explain changes in higher level endpoints. These results suggest that endpoints related to the whole animal (i.e. timing of hatch and locomotor behavior) are more sensitive to environmentally-relevant concentrations of TBT compared to the molecular and metabolic endpoints examined here.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping