PUBLICATION

Low-dose exposure to bisphenol A and replacement bisphenol S induces precocious hypothalamic neurogenesis in embryonic zebrafish

Authors
Kinch, C.D., Ibhazehiebo, K., Jeong, J.H., Habibi, H.R., Kurrasch, D.M.
ID
ZDB-PUB-150115-15
Date
2015
Source
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   112(5): 1475-80 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Ibhazehiebo, Kingsley, Kinch, Cassandra, Kurrasch, Deborah
Keywords
androgen receptor, aromatase, endocrine disruption, hyperactivity
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal/drug effects
  • Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Humans
  • Hypothalamus/drug effects*
  • Hypothalamus/embryology
  • Hypothalamus/growth & development
  • Neurogenesis/drug effects*
  • Phenols/toxicity*
  • Sulfones/toxicity*
  • Zebrafish/embryology*
PubMed
25583509 Full text @ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
CTD
25583509
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor that is present in many household products, has been linked to obesity, cancer, and, most relevant here, childhood neurological disorders such as anxiety and hyperactivity. However, how BPA exposure translates into these neurodevelopmental disorders remains poorly understood. Here, we used zebrafish to link BPA mechanistically to disease etiology. Strikingly, treatment of embryonic zebrafish with very low-dose BPA (0.0068 μM, 1,000-fold lower than the accepted human daily exposure) and bisphenol S (BPS), a common analog used in BPA-free products, resulted in 180% and 240% increases, respectively, in neuronal birth (neurogenesis) within the hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in hyperactivity. Furthermore, restricted BPA/BPS exposure specifically during the neurogenic window caused later hyperactive behaviors in zebrafish larvae. Unexpectedly, we show that BPA-mediated precocious neurogenesis and the concomitant behavioral phenotype were not dependent on predicted estrogen receptors but relied on androgen receptor-mediated up-regulation of aromatase. Although human epidemiological results are still emerging, an association between high maternal urinary BPA during gestation and hyperactivity and other behavioral disturbances in the child has been suggested. Our studies here provide mechanistic support that the neurogenic period indeed may be a window of vulnerability and uncovers previously unexplored avenues of research into how endocrine disruptors might perturb early brain development. Furthermore, our results show that BPA-free products are not necessarily safer and support the removal of all bisphenols from consumer merchandise.
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