PUBLICATION
Developmental toxicity of cartap on zebrafish embryos
- Authors
- Zhou, S., Dong, Q., Li, S., Guo, J., Wang, X., and Zhu, G.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-091120-69
- Date
- 2009
- Source
- Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 95(4): 339-346 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- Cartap, Zebrafish, Tyrosinase, Lysyl oxidase, Development toxicity
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/abnormalities
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects*
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/enzymology
- Insecticides/toxicity*
- Monophenol Monooxygenase/drug effects
- Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism
- Notochord/abnormalities
- Notochord/drug effects
- Pigmentation/drug effects
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/drug effects
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism
- Thiocarbamates/toxicity*
- Toxicity Tests
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
- Zebrafish/abnormalities
- Zebrafish/embryology*
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 19923012 Full text @ Aquat. Toxicol.
- CTD
- 19923012
Citation
Zhou, S., Dong, Q., Li, S., Guo, J., Wang, X., and Zhu, G. (2009) Developmental toxicity of cartap on zebrafish embryos. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 95(4):339-346.
Abstract
Cartap is a widely used insecticide which belongs to a member of nereistoxin derivatives and acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor site. Its effects on aquatic species are of grave concern. To explore the potential developmental toxicity of cartap, zebrafish embryos were continually exposed, from 0.5 to 144h post-fertilization, to a range of concentrations of 25-1000mug/l. Results of the experiment indicated that cartap concentrations of 100mug/l and above negatively affected embryo survival and hatching success. Morphological analysis uncovered a large suite of abnormalities such as less melanin pigmentation, wavy notochord, crooked trunk, fuzzy somites, neurogenesis defects and vasculature defects. The most sensitive organ was proved to be the notochord which displayed defects at concentrations as low as 25mug/l. Both sensitivity towards exposure and localization of the defect were stage specific. To elucidate mechanisms concerning notochord, pigmentation, and hatching defects, enzyme assay, RT Q-PCR, and different exposure strategies were performed. For embryos with hatching failure, chorion was verified not to be digested, while removing cartap from exposure at early pre-hatching stage could significantly increase the hatching success. However, cartap was proved, via vitro assay, to have no effect on proteolytic activity of hatching enzyme. These findings implied that the secretion of hatching enzyme might be blocked. We also revealed that cartap inhibited the activity of melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase and matrix enzyme lysyl oxidase and induced expression of their genes. These suggested that cartap could impaired melanin pigmentation of zebrafish embryos through inhibiting tyrosinase activity, while inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity was responsible for notochord undulation, which subsequently caused somite defect, and at least partially responsible for defects in vasculature and neurogenesis.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping